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Medication errors in anti-retroviral therapy among people living with HIV and the impact of stewardship interventions: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Medical University of Gdańsk, 2026-07-06) David, Carlos de Andrés; Mateo-González, Jose Ignacio; Hospital Universitario de Dénia, Alicante, Spain; Consorci Hospital General Universitari de València, Spain
Background: Medication errors involving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) are frequent, particularly in general hospitals and during care transitions, and may lead to preventable toxicity, virological failure and drug resistance. Several stewardship interventions have been implemented to reduce these errors, but the available evidence remains fragmented and heterogeneous. Material and methods: We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and intervention studies reporting ART-related medication errors in adults (≥ 18 years) with HIV in any clinical setting. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL and grey literature without language or date restrictions. Two reviewers will independently screen records, extract data and assess risk of bias using design-specific tools (RoB-2, ROBINS-I, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and EPOC). We will perform random-effects meta-analyses when appropriate and synthesize implementation outcomes narratively. Certainty of evidence for key outcomes will be assessed with GRADE. Conclusions: This review will provide up-to-date, quantitatively synthesized estimates of the burden and clinical impact of ART-related medication errors and will evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral stewardship and related interventions. Its findings will inform HIV units, antimicrobial stewardship programmes and policy-makers aiming to improve the safety of ART. Study registration: PROSPERO CRD420251233303.
Does dietary advice combined with complete dentures improve the nutrient intake and nutritional status of edentulous patients? A systematic review with meta-analysis
(Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny, 2026-06-23) Rani, Sapna; Jain, Neha; Gupta, Shipra; Kaur, Balpreet; Bhatia, Khushboo; School of Dental Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, India
Background: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the nutrient intake and nutritional status of edentulous patients who received dietary advice combined with complete dentures. Material and methods: Data were extracted from PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect from February 2002 to February 2025 by 2 independent reviewers. Ebscohost was searched for full-text articles from 1994 to 2025, in English. 1596 articles were excluded based on exclusion criteria and after removing 7 duplicates. Eight articles were included for qualitative analysis, followed by 3 articles for meta-analysis. Results: Non-significant improvements were seen in the intake of calcium (p = 0.17), iron (p = 0.10), protein (p = 0.21) and vitamin D (p = 0.93). Heterogeneity was low, indicating consistent results. GRADE analysis indicated a low level of evidence. Conclusions: Our results have not shown any significant improvement in nutrient intake after dietary advice and rehabilitation. In addition, the limited number of studies available for this meta-analysis highlights the need for more standardized, long-term clinical trials to achieve a higher level of evidence.
Influence of whey protein and creatine supplementation on liver and kidney function
(Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny, 2026-04-14) Barani, Sabah Subhi Ismael; Mahmood, Atyaf Talal; Kamal, Islam Khalid; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Iraq
Background: Due to their availability and purported benefits for muscle growth and athletic performance, the use of whey protein and creatine supplements is widespread among recreational and amateur athletes. Material and methods: 600 gym-goers (24-52 years of age) were divided into 3 groups based on their dietary supplement use: none (group A), moderate amounts (group B) and high doses (group C). Biochemical analysis of kidney and liver function was performed. Results: High-dose supplementation significantly increased serum creatinine, serum urea and liver enzymes (AST, ALT) and bilirubin levels compared with the control and medium-dose groups. Group C showed the highest creatinine (1.33 ± 0.216 mg/dL) and serum urea (55.31 ± 6.49 mg/dL), suggesting a possible association with renal function biomarkers. Similarly, AST and ALT levels were significantly increased in supplement users (particularly in group C), suggesting increased transient variations in hepatic enzyme activity. Conclusions: Our findings highlight a dose-dependent effect of whey protein and creatine supplementation on liver and kidney function, and emphasize the importance of responsible dietary supplement use and periodic monitoring of biochemical markers.
Endoscopic spine surgery: methodology and outcomes based on patient feedback
(Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny, 2026-05-20) Krakowiak, Mateusz; Palus, Damian Krystian; Mundayadan, Vishnu Prakash; Myszkowska, Barbara Maria; Grochowski, Cezary; Kulesza, Bartłomiej; Nadolska, Ewelina; Sokal, Paweł; Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland; John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Neurosurgery Clinic, Lublin, Poland; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kujawy and Pomorze University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Background: Endoscopic lumbar decompression (ELD) is emerging as a minimally invasive alternative to traditional microdiscectomy, potentially offering faster recovery and reduced tissue damage. Our aim was to analyze clinical outcomes following the introduction of single-port ELD at our institution. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of 28 consecutive patients undergoing single-port ELD (2019-2023) was conducted. Most surgeries involved the L5-S1 level (77.8%) and utilized a translaminar approach (85.7%). Primary outcomes included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores. Results: Mean ODI improved significantly from 65.1% pre-operative to 15.1% post-operative (p < 0.0001). Mean NRS scores improved from 8.33 to 2.36 (p < 0.0001). A minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was achieved in 92.9% of patients. Intraoperative conversions to open surgery occurred in 10.7% of cases. Post-operative complications were observed in 10.7% of patients (2 instances of paresis and 1 recurrence), with one case requiring reoperation. Conclusions: Single-port ELD yields substantial improvements in both functional outcomes and pain relief. However, moderate complication and conversion rates reflect the technical learning curve. Extended follow-up is required to assess long-term recurrence and durability.
Differential roles of the interleukin 10 family (IL-10, IL-19 and IL-22) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Southern Saudi Arabia
(Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny, 2026-05-07) Mir, Mohammad Muzaffar; Rizvi, Syeda Fatima; Sohail, Shahzada Khalid; Mir, Rashid; Wani, Javed Iqbal; Sabah, Zia Ul; Alremthi, Fahad; Alharthi, Muffarah; Elfaki, Imadeldin; Sonpol, Hany M. A.; Alghamdi, Mushabab; Alfaifi, Jaber; AlQahtani, AbdulElah Al Jarallah; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia; Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Department of MLT, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Diabetes and Endocrine Center, King Abdullah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia / Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health burden strongly associated with obesity and lifestyle changes. Inflammatory cytokines, particularly from the interleukin-10 (IL-10) family, are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM. This study assessed circulating IL-10, IL-19, and IL-22 levels in T2DM patients across obesity categories in southern Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A total of 320 T2DM patients and 196 healthy controls were enrolled. All participants were classified by body mass index (BMI) as normal weight, overweight or obese (class I, class II or class III). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were recorded, and serum IL-10, IL-19, and IL-22 levels were measured using standardized immunoassays. Results: IL-10 levels were significantly reduced in normal weight and overweight T2DM patients of both sexes (p < 0.001) and remained lower in obesity class I (p < 0.01) and class III (p < 0.05). IL-19 levels were markedly elevated in obesity class I and class III across sexes (p < 0.001). IL-22 concentrations increased progressively with BMI, with significant elevations in obesity class I and class III groups. Conclusions: Reduced IL-10 showed a strong association with T2DM, while higher levels in obese females suggest a possible sex-related protective effect. IL-19 was consistently associated with T2DM, whereas IL-22 correlated more closely with obesity severity.

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