Czasopismo Geograficzne

Displaying 1 - 5 of 270 records

Assessment of trends in autocorrelated time series of annual maximum flows of Polish rivers
(Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne, 2026) Chauhan, Geetika; Kuptel-Markiewicz, Iwona; Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Anthropogenic changes in river catchments are modifying river flow, and among others, may lead to an increased frequency of flood extremes. Trend analysis of annual peak flow records provides valuable insights into changes in flood patterns. However, the presence of lag-1 serial correlation in the hydrological datasets, especially in the annual peak flow data, often disrupts the identification of the true trend in time series. Previous studies of trends in observation series of maximum river flows in Poland involved the identification of trends without taking into account serial correlation. This study focuses on the identification of the trend in the annual peak flow data, considering serial correlation in the observed records for 140 hydrological stations throughout Poland. The study identified that the annual peak flow data at 94 (67%) of the stations were affected by lag-1 serial correlation. Moreover, the research results indicate a general downward trend in the annual peak flow values in Poland, which was observed for 124 (89%) of the stations, and only 16 stations (i.e. 11%) show an upward trend. The results have been compared with the trend detection without considering serial correlation in the observation series, and several significant differences have been detected. The study shows that taking into account autocorrelation in the annual maximum flow data series allows for a more reliable identification of trends in the studied data sets.
Application of Shannon and Simpson indices for assessing landscape diversity: A case study of the Tashkent region
(Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne, 2026) Sharipov, Shavkat; Khayitmurodov, Alijon; Samatova, Nafisa; Gudalov, Mirkomil; Khakimov, Bekzod; Shomurodova, Shahnoza; National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Faculty of Geography and GIS, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, Jizzakh Region, Uzbekistan; Gulistan State University, Gulistan, Uzbekistan; Chirchik State University, Faculty of Tourism, Chirchik, Uzbekistan
The study of landscape diversity is essential for environmental protection, the rational use of natural resources, and the sustainable development of regions. The Shannon and Simpson indices are widely used to determine biological diversity, and the article analyses the use of these indices in geographical studies, in particular, in determining landscape diversity. According to the classification scheme developed by Nikolayev, the landscapes of the Tashkent region are classified into 2 classes, 6 types, 9 subtypes, 15 genera, and 50 species. The diversity of landscapes in the Tashkent region was assessed at the levels of type, subtype, and genus using the Shannon and Simpson indices. The study highlights the results of applying these indices to landscape diversity analysis, emphasising their similarities and differences, the advantages and disadvantages of their use, and their significance. When planning measures to preserve unique landscapes and the biological species inhabiting them, particular importance should be given to the Shannon index, as these landscapes serve as habitats for various plant and animal species and support essential ecological processes. The Simpson diversity index is particularly suitable for areas where a single landscape species dominates and is often preferred when designing reserves and national parks focused on the protection of a single plant or animal species.
Calculation of maximum daily rainfall and annual maximum peak flows for raininduced floods in Azerbaijan
(Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne, 2026) Maharramova, Ayten R.; Department of Hydrometeorology, Faculty of Geography, Baku State University, Azerbaijan
Heavy rains and rainfall-induced floods cause significant material damage to the economy of Azerbaijan. In recent decades, the frequency of these extreme hydrometeorological events has increased sharply. In the paper, a statistical analysis of the series of maximum daily precipitation compiled from observations of 75 meteorological stations was performed. The precipitation series was tested for homogeneity: the mean was assessed using Student’s t-test, and the variance with Fisher’s criterion. To approximate the empirical series, the Kritsky-Menkel Three-Parameter Gamma Distribution, which is recommended by regulatory documents in force in the country, and the Logarithmic Normal Distribution, widely used in other countries, were applied. It was found that in 20% of cases, to determine the guaranteed values of maximum daily precipitation, it is advisable to use the Truncated Kritsky-Menkel Three-Parameter Gamma Distribution. The remaining series fit well with the Three-Parameter Gamma Distribution of Kritsky-Menkel. Data on maximum daily precipitation helped to calculate the annual maximum water discharges of 19 hydrological stations, using two methods: the maximum intensity formula and the rational formula. The first method is mandatory for the annual maximum water discharge calculations in Azerbaijan, but calculation errors are often large. Therefore, for the first time in Azerbaijan, a rational method was used in calculations. The results have shown that the accuracy of these methods is practically identical. The median error of water discharge estimates at a 1% exceedance probability is 28% when using the maximum intensity formula, and 29% when using the rational method. Large errors may arise from factors such as the uneven spatial distribution of rainfall in mountainous regions, the limited number of meteorological stations (including pluviographic ones), and inaccuracies in estimating basin slope, channel, and basin travel times.
Reconstructing historical identity through territorial branding: A geographical study of a Polish-Jewish town
(Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne, 2026) Shynkarenko, Ulyana; Kramarenko, Oleksandr; Uliganets, Sergey; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Geography of Ukraine, Kyiv
This study explores how cultural heritage contributes to the formation of collective identity and place attachment in small cities. From the perspective of geographical analysis and strategic planning of territories, the paper proposes the use of branding as a tool for integrating historical and cultural resources into the system of spatial development. The study covers a historical and geographical analysis of the city of Korostyshiv, whose cultural landscape was formed as a result of the coexistence of several ethnic communities (Jews, Poles, Italians, and Germans), with an emphasis on the role of the Olizar family’s heritage in shaping the city’s identity. The scientific novelty lies in the combination of methods of geographical regional studies, urban studies, and branding to develop visual markers of identity based on lost or partially preserved monuments. For the first time the potential of the stone sculpture park as a symbolic space capable of accumulating local history and transmitting it through visual means has been analysed. Conceptual logo options are proposed that can be used as a basis for creating a city brand book. The practical significance of the work lies in developing approaches to branding small cities with a multi-layered cultural heritage under conditions of limited financial and administrative resources.
Population distribution and settlement abandonment in sixteenth-century Samtskhe–Javakheti, Georgia: A geographical perspective
(Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne, 2026) Maisuradze, Roman; Khardziani, Tamar; Chilingarashvili, Gia; Ivane Javakhisvili Tbilisi State University, Department of Geography, Georgia; Ivane Javakhisvili Tbilisi State University, Department of Archaeology, Georgia
The article concerns the historical and geographical research of the Samtskhe–Javakheti region. The Ottoman Empire described the study region at the end of the 16th century in the form of the Great Register of the Gurjistan Vilayet, which included urban and monastic settlements and complexes. We prepared a geoinformation system and conducted an evaluation analysis, which included 574 settlements and analysed the current situation in the region at the end of the 16th century. The goals of the article were to study the quantitative, urban, and geographic distribution of the population during the 16th century and to assess their dynamics in relation to the modern situation, to identify trends, and to establish cause-and-effect relationships. The paper discusses the population size and urbanisation characteristics at the end of the 16th century. The article provides the distribution of the population: (1) by administrative units (liva, nahiya); (2) by hypsometric levels; (3) by vertical zonation of the landscape, where the main centres of population concentration were identified both by hypsometric levels and by large landscape units. Using GIS, we digitised the points described in 1595 and prepared a database indicating the altitude above sea level and hypsometric zone. We also categorised the GIS database into active and abandoned settlements, urban settlements, monastic systems, and villages. One of the key results of the study is a comparison of the situation in 1595 with the present, based on the 2014 census. Consequently, we identified changes in the number of inhabitants, the number of settlements, and population changes in urban settlements, as well as changes in density indicators and the regional population share for the entire territory of Georgia. We also distinguished areas that were particularly affected by abandonment. Both positive and negative trends in the population dynamics and settlement patterns were observed, which is indicative of significant changes in the territorial distribution of the population.

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