OPEN Repository
Welcome to OPEN - the Repository of Open Scientific Publications, run by the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, previously operating as the CeON Repository. The Repository enables Polish researchers from all fields to openly share their articles, books, conference materials, reports, doctoral theses, and other scientific texts.
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22962 archived items
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Recent Submissions
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Zagadnienie relatywizmu w myśli Charlesa Taylora
(Towarzystwo Doktorantów UJ, 2011) Moskulak, Martyna; Uniwersytet Jagielloński
In my paper I am going to examine one of the most interesting issues concerning Charles Taylor’s ethical reflection, which is the notion of relativism. The goal of this article is to present the topic in the context of an actual debate on the current condition of Western society in the age of pluralism. In this debate, Taylor fulfils the role of an important commentator on contemporary social phenomena and a narrator of the complexity of processes which are standing behind them. The notion which I particularly pay attention to is soft relativism. This notion describes the attitude expressed by the firm conviction that we should allow others to do what they please, and do not criticize their beliefs. The notion of soft relativism is related to the distorted forms of individualism. Opposite the basic moral intuition that we can reasonably talk about ideals, stands a moral prohibition questioning other people’s values. Another dimension of the problem of relativism is the diversity of views, cultures, religion and origins that exist within a community. Taylor presents his own approach to pluralism and tolerance, referring to the various positions in the past and the present. The article consists of an introduction, a conclusion and five consecutive parts. The introduction provides a brief description of Charles Taylor’s philosophy. Part I sets out to establish the specificity of the philosopher as a third way thinker. Part II is a preliminary presentation of soft relativism. Part III refers to the ethical basis of relativism and touches upon the issue of individualism. Part IV presents a polemic between Taylor and a sociologist Allan Bloom and shows interiorization as a means of moral coexistence. Part V concerns the issue of relativism on the ground of culture; it presents Taylor’s position in the view of the politics of difference and universalism. The conclusion leaves several questions open for further exploration of the topic.
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Refleksja filozoficzna jako źródło współczesnego rozumienia godności człowieka i dyrektyw interpretacyjnych art. 30 Konstytucji RP
(Towarzystwo Doktorantów UJ, 2011) Ściślicki, Piotr; Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Human dignity, before it became a legal notion, had been a subject of philosophical reflection since ancient times. Beginning from the classical notion of dignity in letters of ancient philosophers, through stoical thought, biblical tradition and modern philosophy (Thomas Hobbes, Blaise Pascal, Immanuel Kant) we track the history of the construction of dignity as an inherent property of the human being, determining her special, distinguished position in the structure of earthly objects. It seems that an effective interpretation of art. 30 of the Polish Constitution, which constitutes the central provision of the legal system built around the notion of dignity, is not possible without the acquaintance with theoretical bases of reconstruction of the notion. Analysing lawyer’s commentaries on the art. 30, which concentrate on elucidating the appropriate meaning of such attributes of human dignity as its inherentness, inalienability, inviolability, it is impossible to resist the impression that each of the voiced views has its roots in the theoretical structure of dignity, as it can be found in philosophical legacy as well as in theological reflection.
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Linia w teorii estetyki Eugène’a Vérona
(Towarzystwo Doktorantów UJ, 2011) Malec, Iwona; Uniwersytet Jagielloński
La notion du beau existe dans l'art et dans la philosophie depuis l'Antiquité. Le sentiment du beau, le besoin de le ressentir fait partie de la vie humaine et il existe aussi longtemps que l'homme lui-même. Beaucoup de penseurs, philosophes, théoriciens ont entrepris un ef-fort de définir ce qui est le beau et ce qui peut être considéré ainsi. La seconde moitié du XIXe siècle est le temps où la pensée que le principe de l'idéal du beau ne suffit pas d’expliquer la complexité de l'aspect artistique est né sous l'influence de la technologie et la croyance omniprésente en science. Eugène Véron, l'esthéticien français du XIXe siècle, dans sa plus importante oeuvre, intitulée L'Esthétique, a tenté de présenter un nouveau concept du beau dans l'art. Les idées esthétiques de Véron, se reposent sur la philosophie positiviste et les réalisations scientifiques, une oeuvre d'art est considérée comme un produit de la main humaine, est un miroir de la société qui s’exprime par l'art et de laquelle l'art dépond. Véron a souligné l'importance de la ligne dans l'art. Analysant de divers exemples de l'utilisation des lignes, l'esthéticien français parvient à définir les principes du beau, qui, selon lui, se fondent sur les contraires. La combinaisons réfléchies des lignes et des contrastes mènent à un sentiment esthétique spécifique. La philosophie positive de la dix-neuvième siècle était basée sur les réalisations scientifiques et des découvertes, notamment dans le domaine des sciences naturelles. En créant sa théorie de l'esthétique, Véron s’inspirait des ouvrages de Charles Darwin et Herbert Spencer. Véron s'est également appuyé sur les travaux scientifiques en physique, chimie, sur la théorie de la perception neuroscientifique des couleurs des scientifiques allemands tels que Hermann von Helmholtz et Theodor Fechner. La conception esthétique de Véron démontre que l’appro-che scientifique et la pensée artistique sont contradictoires. Selon l’ esthétique de Véron, l'art et la science ont beaucoup en commun, bien qu’ils ne soient pas identiques et ils ont beaucoup à apprendre les uns des autres.
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Przestrzenie otwartości w Przyczynkach do filozofii Martina Heideggera
(Towarzystwo Doktorantów UJ, 2011) Lubecki, Marcin; Uniwersytet Jagielloński
The article presents Martin Heidegger’s late (non-metaphysical) philosophy and main theses of Beiträge zur Philosophie, concerning in particular openness, Being, and the way to the philo-sophy of another beginning, which is called the thinking of the beginning or the fugue of Being. The main subject of the text is the meaning of openness in this philosophical concept.
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O pożytkach z judaizmu dla filozofii współczesnej
(Towarzystwo Doktorantów UJ, 2011) Tacik, Przemysław; Uniwersytet Jagielloński
The paper expounds the significant role of various currents of the Judaic tradition as sources of inspiration for contemporary philosophy. Unfairly consigned to oblivion throughout the period of domination of Christianity, Judaism reemerged at the end of the nineteenth century as a field of fruitful stimulations for Western thought. Moreover, the evolution of the post-Kantian epistemology brought many thinkers, such as Nietzsche, to admit the exis-tence of the irreducible, unfathomable remnant forming a fundament of our cognition, which opened the door to new secular inspirations drawn from the heritage of religion. Judaism, less marked by Greek philosophy than the Christian legacy, began thus to appear as fitting better these tendencies. The prohibition of representation, the radical monotheism, bordering on the apophatic monism, the unyielding refusal of idolatry, made Judaism a privileged source of inspiration for philosophy striving to disavow its past metaphysical presuppositions. The paper presents main contributors to the renaissance of Judaism in philosophy: Hermann Cohen (who aimed to reconcile neo-Kantism with the universal morality of Judaism), Lev Shestov (opposing Jewish fideism, embodied in the figure of “Jerusalem”, to the Greek ideal of impersonal reason, symbolised by the figure of “Athens”), Franz Rosenzweig (re-working the Hegelian heritage with Jewish concepts of Creation, Revelation and Redemp-tion), Gershom Scholem (rediscovering the originality of Kabbalist thought), Walter Benja-min (bringing a new, Messianic dimension to the perception of history), Edmond Jabès (mer-ging the inspirations of Lurianic Kaballah with contemporary theories of language and sense) and Jacques Derrida (rethinking the legacy of Western thought using Jewish themes). Judaic tradition – with its hermeneutic approach, lack of strict dogmas, interpretative creativity – provides a unique set of thought patterns which seem to be especially valuable in our times, haunted by pluralism, intertextuality, and the fall of “Great Narratives”. As Sergio Quinzio suggested, Judaism can help us to rethink the world no longer structured by logos and deve-loping in a reasonable way.
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