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Zagadnienie relatywizmu w myśli Charlesa Taylora

(Towarzystwo Doktorantów UJ, 2011) Moskulak, Martyna; Uniwersytet Jagielloński

In my paper I am going to examine one of the most interesting issues concerning Charles Taylor’s ethical reflection, which is the notion of relativism. The goal of this article is to present the topic in the context of an actual debate on the current condition of Western society in the age of pluralism. In this debate, Taylor fulfils the role of an important commentator on contemporary social phenomena and a narrator of the complexity of processes which are standing behind them. The notion which I particularly pay attention to is soft relativism. This notion describes the attitude expressed by the firm conviction that we should allow others to do what they please, and do not criticize their beliefs. The notion of soft relativism is related to the distorted forms of individualism. Opposite the basic moral intuition that we can reasonably talk about ideals, stands a moral prohibition questioning other people’s values. Another dimension of the problem of relativism is the diversity of views, cultures, religion and origins that exist within a community. Taylor presents his own approach to pluralism and tolerance, referring to the various positions in the past and the present. The article consists of an introduction, a conclusion and five consecutive parts. The introduction provides a brief description of Charles Taylor’s philosophy. Part I sets out to establish the specificity of the philosopher as a third way thinker. Part II is a preliminary presentation of soft relativism. Part III refers to the ethical basis of relativism and touches upon the issue of individualism. Part IV presents a polemic between Taylor and a sociologist Allan Bloom and shows interiorization as a means of moral coexistence. Part V concerns the issue of relativism on the ground of culture; it presents Taylor’s position in the view of the politics of difference and universalism. The conclusion leaves several questions open for further exploration of the topic.

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Refleksja filozoficzna jako źródło współczesnego rozumienia godności człowieka i dyrektyw interpretacyjnych art. 30 Konstytucji RP

(Towarzystwo Doktorantów UJ, 2011) Ściślicki, Piotr; Uniwersytet Jagielloński

Human dignity, before it became a legal notion, had been a subject of philosophical reflection since ancient times. Beginning from the classical notion of dignity in letters of ancient philosophers, through stoical thought, biblical tradition and modern philosophy (Thomas Hobbes, Blaise Pascal, Immanuel Kant) we track the history of the construction of dignity as an inherent property of the human being, determining her special, distinguished position in the structure of earthly objects. It seems that an effective interpretation of art. 30 of the Polish Constitution, which constitutes the central provision of the legal system built around the notion of dignity, is not possible without the acquaintance with theoretical bases of reconstruction of the notion. Analysing lawyer’s commentaries on the art. 30, which concentrate on elucidating the appropriate meaning of such attributes of human dignity as its inherentness, inalienability, inviolability, it is impossible to resist the impression that each of the voiced views has its roots in the theoretical structure of dignity, as it can be found in philosophical legacy as well as in theological reflection.

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