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Ślady osadnictwa z epoki kamienia w Jegłowej, gm. Przeworno

(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 1996) Bobak, Dariusz; Uniwersytet Rzeszowski

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Badania mezolitycznego stanowiska Jegłowa 2, gm. Przeworno

(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 1997) Bobak, Dariusz; Uniwersytet Rzeszowski

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Problem mezolitu w Sudetach

(Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, 1999) Bronowicki, Jarosław; Bobak, Dariusz; Uniwersytet Rzeszowski

The problem of the Sudetes Mountains as a territory ofMesolithic settlement has arisen only during last few years. The Sudetes issue has not been dealt with in any particular way as far as the Czech part of the mountains is concerned due to the fact that the country is situated entirely in the upland and mountainous area of Central Europe. Until recently sites in the Polish part have not been known at alL After they were discovered it proved to be necessary to treat the Mesolithic period in the Sudetes distinctively from the Lowland studies, and therefore the Sudetes macroregion of Mesolithic settlement was introduced. At the present stage of research it appears that the Sudetes were inhabited mostly by societies of Western Mesolithic technocomplex. Nearly all sites from today's Czech Republic and some Polish sites (such as Ratno Dolne 2, Radzikowice) can be related to the Beuronien; apparently the Sowie Mountains microregion of Mesolithic settlement was strongly influenced by the Beuronien, which implies possible cultural overlapping with a similar nature to the Fien group. At the same time the north parts of the Sudetes were exploited by groups of Lowland origin, mostly from the Komornica - Duvensee technocomplex (such as Grodziszcze 7, Jeglowa 2). Numerous materials characteristic of Janislawice culture were found at the site ofGrodziszcze 7; their position, however, is not entirely clear (cultural influence or separate settlement stage). The earliest penetrations of Mesolithic population can be dated to the Boreal period (Orlice Mountains settlement microregion, Ratno Dolne 2), yet the largest development of the settlement can be observed during the Atlantic period. It is most probable that Mesolithic societies were functioning in the Sudetes at the time when early agriculture settlements were expanding in loess areas. The Baltic erratic flint, which was imported to the south beyond its deposit range in fluvioglacial and moraine formations of the north part of the Sudetes, was used as predominant raw material for tool production. A wide range of local non-flint materials was used as well, even in areas abundant in erratic flint. This fact may be considered to be the basic feature of the Sudetes Mesolithic specificity, similarly to a prevailing tendency to locate the sites on heavy clay soils, which were generally avoided by Lowland communities.

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Krzemienica mezolityczna ze stanowiska Malnie 3/14, gm. Krapkowice

(Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, 1999) Bronowicki, Jarosław; Bobak, Dariusz; Masojć, Mirosław; Uniwersytet Wrocławski; Uniwersytet Rzeszowski

Site Wysoka 57 was discovered by Jaroslaw Bronowicki during an archaeological survey of the construction of Freeway A4 in the Opole province, in the area of the St. Anna Mountain (Fig. 1). The rescue excavation of the site has been conducted by the Wrodaw Branch of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences. Archaeological artifacts were found scattered over an easy southeastern slope of a no-name hill. The summit of the hill crowned by limestone rocks is immediately above the site. The flint material obtained during the excavation, rather scarce in number, can be dated to the Upper Paleolithic. Because the artifacts were scattered over a vast area without any distinct concentration, it is probable that the site extends beyond the construction place and the excavation covered only its marginal part. Altogether, 132 flint artifacts (Fig. 2-4) and one non-flint stone artifact (Fig. 5) have been recovered from the Wysoka 57 site. Set of tools complies with Upper Paleolithic standards (Table 1 ), with burins (Fig. 3) prevailing. They are complemented by endscrapers (Fig. 2: 1, 4, 8, 10, 11 ), perforators (Fig. 2: 9), retouched blades (Fig. 2: 3, 5), combined tools (Fig. 3: 8, 10), and one saw-like retouched blade (Fig. 2: 7). A layer of white patina covers the artifacts. The cultural affiliation of the assemblage is unclear, but the presence of blades with "stepped" retouch of small overlapping negatives suggests the Orignac circle. The only macrolithic implement- the limestone point (Fig. 5), has no close analogies in Upper Paleolithic assemblages, possibly due to the unusual rock it is made of. In addition, three Neolithic artifacts have been found. The value of the site is augmented be two chronologically close sites registered in the vicinity, already published (Wysoka 4, Ligota Dolna 1).

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