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Współpraca francusko-brytyjska w dziedzinie obrony i bezpieczeństwa i jej implikacje dla europejskiego i euroatlantyckiego bezpieczeństwa

(Wydawnictwo Akademii Obrony Narodowej, 2012) Helnarska, Karolina Julia; Akademia Obrony Narodowej

The current changing strategic environment requires a more effective European Union's common security and defence policy. France and the UK are determined to play a leading part in this new context and joint their efforts in this area. In November 2010 these two countries signed an agreement to cooperate in many important fields such as capabilities, industry, operations, intelligence and in de-fence programmes. New treaty on defence and nuclear joint working with France marked a "new chapter" in a long history of defence co-operation with the UK. The French and UK agreed to develop the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force (CJEF): an early entry force capable of facing multiple threats up to the highest intensity, available for bilateral, NATO, European Union, United Nations or other opera¬tions. The nuclear treaty establishes a joint Technology Development Centre in the UK testing nuclear explosion simulation and another facility in France that will model performance of nuclear warheads and materials to ensure long-term viability, security and safety.

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Polityka regionalna Unii Europejskiej w latach 2004–2013. Przebieg negocjacji nad jej kształtem po 2013 roku

(Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, 2013) Helnarska, Karolina Julia; Akademia Obrony Narodowej

The main aim of the proposals for the Cohesion Policy 2014–2020, is to simplify the individual elements of policies. The legislative changes at EU level must be accompanied by initiatives at national level and regional simplification of procedures for beneficiaries. It is therefore proposed that each of the Member States should be set clear objectives in this area.

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Rola Francji w kształtowaniu Wspólnej Polityki Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony i jej propozycje w tym obszarze w czasie prezydencji w Unii Europejskiej w 2008 roku

(Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, 2013) Helnarska, Karolina Julia; Akademia Obrony Narodowej

The exercise of the Presidency of the Council of the European Union is a complex type of political leadership. The French presidency exercised in the period from July 1 to December 31, 2008 was planned very carefully and in full swing. The French Presidency has set itself four key priorities: energy and climate, migration issues, agriculture, security and defense. It also outlined a very ambitious list of priorities. Not all French proposals were accepted, but it certainly can be said that during the French presidency in 2008, its position on the various issues discussed by the EU is clearly marked.

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Kulturowe uwarunkowania integracji europejskiej

(Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, 2013-03-30) Helnarska, Karolina Julia; Akademia Obrony Narodowej

The cultural basis of European integration consists of historical elements. Cultural factor does not become the driving force from the beginning of the integration process of Western Europe, the recognition were primarily economic issues. Although it is the Council of Europe, was the first to become interested in issues of culture, however, the European Union is taking concrete steps in this field and provides the framework for European cultural policy. The activities of the two organizations, despite the fact that on the same issue, there are common activities, but rather complementary,

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Forest protection in the European Union

(Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa (Forest Research Institute), Sękocin Stary, Poland, 2019-12-15) Kalicka-Mikołajczyk, Adriana; Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii, Katedra Prawa Międzynarodowego i Europejskiego

An estimated 5% of the world's forests are located in the EU and these forests have continuously expanded for over 60 years, although recently at a lower rate. Forests and other wooded land now cover 155 million hectares and 21 million hectares, respectively, together more than 42% of the EU land area. Although the treaties in the European Union contain no provisions for a common forest policy, there is a long history of EU measures supporting forest and forest-related activities coordinatedwith member states, mainly through the Standing Forestry Committee. For several decades now, environmental forest functions have attracted increasing attention mostly in relation to the protection of biodiversity and, more recently, in the context of climate change. The main objective of this paper was twofold: first, to identify the EU legislation directly and indirectly connected to forest protection, and second, to determine its legal character and effectiveness. In conclusion, in recent years the EU has adopted numerous regulations that are directly and indirectly connected to forests and they can be divided into two groups: internal and international acts. Moreover, we can distinguish legally binding acts such as regulations, directives as well as international agreements and soft law acts including strategies, green books, communications, action plans or declarations.

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