OPEN Repository
Welcome to OPEN - the Repository of Open Scientific Publications, run by the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, previously operating as the CeON Repository. The Repository enables Polish researchers from all fields to openly share their articles, books, conference materials, reports, doctoral theses, and other scientific texts.
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22936 archived items
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Recent Submissions
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Relations: Agriculture – Economy in The Theory Of Economics
(Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej, 2020) Kowalczyk, Stanisław; Kwasek, Mariola; Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
The paper discusses the position of agriculture in the economy at various levels of economic development and in various schools of economic theory. The complexity of the analyzed area is a consequence of the fact that agriculture is one of the first forms of conscious and organized human activity. Its importance for society and economy results from the main goal of this activity, which is to satisfy the basic human need, the need to satisfy hunger. The study depicts three basic perspectives from which agriculture is presented in economic theory: (i) relations between agriculture and other sectors of the economy, (ii) the main forces shaping the mechanism of changes and the development of agriculture, and (iii) basic directions (paths) taking place in a time of changes in agriculture. In the second part of the paper, one of the three main perspectives illustrating the position of agriculture in the economy and in the theory of economics, i.e., the relations between agriculture and other sectors of the economy, was subject to empirical verification. The assessment was carried out on the example of Polish agriculture and its evolution over time. The analysis covers the changes that occurred after 1950 in areas such as the potential of agriculture in the economy (land, labor, and capital resources), the contribution of agriculture to creating added value (GNI/GDP), agricultural production, participation in foreign trade and changes in food consumption.
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The Evolution of The Agri-Food Sector in Terms of Economic Transformation, Membership in The EU and Globalization of The World Economy
(Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej, 2020) Szajner, Piotr; Szczepaniak, Iwona; Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy,
The aim of the article is to contribute to the discussion and research devoted to the evolution of the agri-food sector in the period of systemic transformation, Poland’s membership in the European Union, and globalization of the world economy. The evolution of the Polish agri-food sector, which started in the first years of systemic transformation, intensified in the period of preparations for accession to the European Union (EU), and then stimulated by the processes of deepening economic and trade integration with the EU Member States and the global market, proves that this sector has undergone profound transformations. After joining the EU, the Polish food economy was co-financed with EU funds, which allowed for the acceleration of structural and modernization changes in the sector. Foreign direct investments also played a significant role in the process of strengthening the position of the Polish agri-food sector. However, the key factor in the sector’s development was the dynamic growth of agri-food exports, accompanied by the growing demand for food in the internal market. Due to changes in macroeconomic and market conditions, entities of the domestic agri-food sector will have to face new challenges in the future.
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Agriculture and The European Green Deal
(Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej, 2020) Wrzaszcz, Wioletta; Prandecki, Konrad; Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Growing environmental and climate problems are forcing the search for effective solutions to economic activity, including agriculture. The popularization of relevant production practices and techniques is of great importance in this regard. The direction of European agriculture is of particular importance for solving environmental and climate problems. For years, strategies or sustainable development programs have been implemented, which, despite initiating the desired direction of changes, are still insufficient in terms of perceived needs. In December 2019, the European Commission issued a communication on the European Green Deal strategy, which was intended to launch further international action to achieve ambitious climate and environmental targets. The aim of the paper is to present the main issues related to the implementation of the European Green Deal strategy, including agriculture, and to outline the challenges facing it. The study used a review of literature and legal acts. The results of the study indicated the appropriateness of seeking further economic solutions consistent with the European Green Deal strategy. The goals included in the European Green Deal are very ambitious and will require a complex, multi-threaded approach to agricultural policy and a change in the attitude of farmers, i.e., greater consideration of non-production aspects of their activity, in particular in the field of environmental protection. At the same time, the European Green Deal should be assessed in a much broader sense than in terms of environmental requirements. The holistic nature of this document makes it a step towards building a new economy that takes into account the noneconomic consequences of the actions taken.
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Changes in The Income Situation of Agricultural Holdings in The Light of The Polish FADN Observations from 2004-2018
(Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej, 2020) Kulawik, Jacek; Płonka, Renata; Wieliczko, Barbara; Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
The income of farmers and their families is the base for consumption, savings, and investment. However, apart from its level and adequate ratios to the income of the agricultural population, its stability is also important. This very thesis is the main axis of the analysis of the income situation of Polish farmers participating in the FADN from 2004 to2018. Its documentation is also one of the main aims of this paper. To do this from the right theoretical perspective, theinitial part of the paper presents the schemes of this income calculation and its determinants, as well as issues related to measuring income risk and the factors which affect it. Both static and dynamic approaches were used in this part of the paper. The other, thoroughly empirical and retrospective part of the paper focuses on the relationships between income and budget support, economic size, production type, and spatial location of agricultural farms. The importance of non-agricultural income was also shown, although relevant information in the FADN is not very extensive. The identification of the risk-income strategy should also be treated as a preliminary approach to the analyzed issue.
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Szanse i zagrożenia dla rolnictwa i konsumentów żywności w krajach Unii Europejskiej wynikające z ewentualnego porozumienia TTIP
(Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, 2016) Krzyżanowski, Julian; Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Artykuł porusza problematykę szans i zagrożeń wynikających z ewentualnego zawarcia Umowy o Transatlantyckim Partnerstwie Handlowym i Inwestycyjnym pomiędzy Unią Europejską a USA. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawia się możliwe korzyści dla unijnych eksporterów produktów mleczarskich, produktów mięsnych, wina, cukru i oliwek. Korzyści te wydają się być iluzoryczne nawet przy ograniczeniu tzw. barier pozataryfowych. Z drugiej strony, wiele rynków w Unii Europejskiej odczuwałoby istotne zakłócenie równowagi na skutek eksportu amerykańskiego. Dotyczyłoby to przede wszystkim rynków wołowiny, zbóż, drobiu, izoglukozy i biopaliw. Autor zwraca też uwagę na różnice standardów bezpieczeństwa żywności oraz poziomów wsparcia, co rzutuje na ochronę konsumentów europejskich i konkurencyjność producentów w krajach UE, gdyby porozumienie TTIP miało być realizowane.
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