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(Karkonoska Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa w Jeleniej Górze, 2011) Piecuch, Ewelina; Uniwersytet Wrocławski

The article encompasses the problems of childhood and its influence on the rest of one's life. I have concentrated on this crucial and specific time in life. It is demonstrated by biology, medicine, psychology, and psychoanalysis that human habits are formed in childhood. Health, hygiene and aesthetic behaviour determine one's further fate and influence life in its entirety. It is that phase of human life that determines the rest of it. In childhood children manifest their cognitive and emotional powers. They are ready to discover the world. That is how they demonstrate their power, but also fragility and sensitivity. The notion of value is mainly related to the meaningful aspects of human existence. That which is held dear and considered important determines further goals. Opinions and experience serve to emphasize that which is important. Those are created and take shape with the child's development. I took great care to emphasize in the article the enormous value of childhood as part of human life.Values, along with childhood, have a decisive influence on the essence and form of existence

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Wartości przekazywane i pielęgnowane przez matki w rodzinach wiejskich w okresie międzywojennym

(Karkonoska Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa w Jeleniej Górze, 2011) Józefowicz, Anna; Uniwersytet w Białymstoku

In the Polish Second Republic, so in the country rebom afiter one hundred twenty three years of captivity, the role of a woman as a woman-mother, was significantly emphasized. Press, literature, researchers have proved that safety and order in the whole country depend on safety and order in individual families. The key notion became: „from education of a mother to education of a child”. While analyzing sources such as newspapers, magazines, diaries, guidebooks, I noticed the following values for which mothers in rural families were held to be responsible: 1 ,value of work connected with obligation in farm and household, so role of mother asahousewife; 2.the value of the family as a community and the mother's role in it. Mother was the first protector, tutor, patron of a child. Mother took care of child and other members in the family, she helped them, she guaranteed the positive atmosphere at home, took care of safety in a wide context. It was significant that mother appealed in the process of socialization to common traditions and experiences; 3.value of education and social consciousness, so the role of the mother in shaping social consciousness; 4.patriotic value, so the role of the mother in shaping patriotic attitude.

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Wychowanie w rodzinie chłopskiej w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej

(Karkonoska Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa w Jeleniej Górze, 2011) Samsel, Agata; Uniwersytet w Białymstoku

In 1918-1939 bringing up children in peasant families was severe and based on a system of punishments, usually corporal. It was a conseąuence of a common belief that only a hardened, tough and hardworking man is able to face hard peasant reality which was leaving little place for weakness and fondness. Contrary to all appearances, such upbringing was to impose a system of values which placed the land, work, community and religion at the very top. Since the very young age the children used to be taught the value of land, the sense of responsibility and the awareness of being co-responsible for the family farm. It was implied that the public interest is superior to the individuals interest and the value of a person is estimated from the perspective of his/her work.

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