Physicochemical Characterisation of Ceftobiprole and Investigation of the Biological Properties of Its Cyclodextrin-Based Delivery System
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Physicochemical Characterisation of Ceftobiprole and Investigation of the Biological Properties of Its Cyclodextrin-Based Delivery System.pdf (2.99 MB)
0000-0002-1881-7356 Date
2025
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MDPI
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Ceftobiprole is a novel and promising antibiotic; however, the direct pharmacological use of its native form is limited by its low water solubility. The first part of this study provides a deeper insight into the physicochemical properties of this drug. One- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra in D2O were recorded, and a complete assignment of 1H and 13C signals was achieved with the support of quantum mechanical calculations. The combined results from capillary electrophoresis and NMR confirmed the cationic nature of ceftobiprole at pH values well below 3 and the protonation of the secondary amino group, thus supporting the theoretically predicted dominant protonation states. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that zwitterionic ceftobiprole molecules associate through hydrogen bonding, whereas in the cationic form, the attractive forces involve weaker π-π and stacking interactions. The use of ceftobiprole in its native form in pharmaceutical formulations was made possible through the development of a novel freeze-dried cyclodextrin-based delivery system. Consequently, the second part of this article focuses on evaluating the biological properties of this system (ceftobiprole/maleic acid/sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin in a molar ratio of 1:25:4), including its antibacterial activity against the most common pneumonia-causing pathogens and its cytotoxicity towards normal and cancer cells.
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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(24), 12108 // https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262412108