Kibice chuligani w polskiej piłce nożnej. Od II Rzeczypospolitej przez PRL po XXI wiek. Wybrane aspekty – studium przypadku
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2020
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Wydawnictwo ArchaeGraph
Abstract
After 123 years of non-government, Poland regained independence. In the meantime, many clubs have been created, not only Polish but also Jewish, which fiercely competed with each other. Football fans and clubs were a reflection of the demographic situation of the Second Polish Republic at the time, which caused many social, political and national conflicts. Very often riots spread to city streets. During World War II, e.g. in Krakow, illegal games were held in which fights were also initiated. The Polish People’s Republic completely overturned the football world. The authorities monopolized all areas of life, including football. It was only with greater liberalization in the early 1970s that informal supporter groups began to form and began to cause a lot of militia problems across the country. In Gdansk, after the events of „December 70”, the hooligan militia began quite often to fight the militia not only at the stadium, but also during, for example, demonstrations, and by the late Paweł Adamowicz was called the „armed arm of Solidarity”. After the fall of communism, there was a legal and sociological vacuum in which society was hard to find. It was then that stadium hooliganism began to cause the most problems. The so-called horror trains with supporters, and the fights inside and outside the stadium were a permanent picture related to the Polish supporter movement. In 2009, the landmark Act on the Safety of Mass Events was introduced, which caused a decrease in hooligan behavior in stadiums. The fans were subjected to the process of „civilizing”. Today many of the former hooligans are professional sports players, they organize football or MMA sports tournaments and promote a „sports lifestyle”.
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Maciej Daraszkiewicz, Kibice chuligani w polskiej piłce nożnej. Od II Rzeczypospolitej przez PRL po XXI wiek. Wybrane aspekty – studium przypadku, [w:], Sport i zdrowie - historia, prawo, społeczeństwo, pod red. K. Łukomiaka, Łódź 2020, s. 27-49.