Chrząszcze (Coleoptera) Puszczy Knyszyńskiej
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CHRZĄSZCZE (COLEOPTERA) PUSZCZY KNYSZYŃSKIEJ light.pdf (100.54 MB)
0000-0002-2577-4462 Date
2024-09-02
Journal Title
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Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Abstract
The beetles of the Knyszyńska Forest (KF) (NE Poland) were studied between the years 1979-2023. The KF covers an area of 1767 km2. The following collecting methods were used: various models of self-trapping, entomological net, hydrobiological net, shaking beetles on an entomological umbrella, direct colecting by hands, searching potential feeding grounds of saproxylic beetles, rearing from collected inhabited host material (cambio- and xylophages), collecting to artificial light sources. Based on our own research and literature data, a total of 2075 species of beetles belonging to 90 families were found; of these, 863 species were recorded from the area for the first time. Atheta sodermani (Staphylinidae) and Podagrica menetriesi (Chrysomelidae) – are new to the fauna of Poland, and 157 species – to the entire region of Podlasie. The largest number of representatives of Staphylinidae were caught – 348 species, followed by Curculionidae – 292, Carabidae – 158, Chrysomelidae – 138 and Cerambycidae – 101. Among the listed taxa, 402 rare and protected species were detailed described and illustrated. These include Natura 2000 species: Rhysodes sulcatus, Boros schneideri, Cucujus cinnaberinus, Osmoderma barnabita and Oxyporus mannerheimii. The mentioned species, plus Cucujus haematodes, are also under strict protection in Poland. Partially protected are: Carabus convexus, C. coriaceus, C. glabratus, C. menetriesi, Calosoma inquisitor, Leptura thoracica, Stictoleptura variicornis and Ceruchus chrysomelinus. 80 species of beetles from various families are on the Red List of Endangered and Threatened Animals in Poland, 36 species on the list of Primeval forest relict beetles of Central Europe, and 166 on the European Red List of Saproxylic Beetles. Among the most valuable of the listed species are those, that have at most 1-2 current, known localities in the country: Agrilus pseudocyaneus, Aspidiphorus lareyniei, Astylogethes subrugosus, Aulonothroscus laticollis, Bibloplectus spinosus, Cryptophagus obsoletus, Episernus tatarinovae, Glischrochilus tremulae, Hydroporus brevis, Ilybius wasastjernae, Lopheros lineatus, Microrhagus emyi, Nacerdes carniolica, Orthoperus nikitskyi, Oxyporus mannerheimii, Pseudanostirus globicollis, Pteryx splendens, Stictoleptura variicornis. Beetles found in the Knyszynska Forest Landscape Park, which covers about 41.2% of the study area, were characterized. 1858 species of beetles were found in the Park, which is 89.4% of all those recorded in the KF. The diversity of beetles in twenty-five nature reserves located in KF was also analyzed. They cover a total area of 51.7 square kilometers, which is about 2.9% of the study area. The highest number of species was shown from the “Budzisk” reserve – 602, followed by “Góra Pieszczana” – 363, “Krzemianka” – 362, “Jesionowe Góry” – 336, “Las Cieliczański” – 300 and “Krzemienne Góry” – 271. A total of 1356 species were listed in the reserves, which is 65.3% of all those known in the KF. The most valuable beetle fauna has the oldest reserve in the KF – “Budzisk”. Found here include: Agrilus pseudocyaneus, Aulonothroscus laticollis, Microrhagus emyi, Lopheros lineatus, Episernus tatarinovae, Nacerdes carniolica and Stictoleptura variicornis. The listed beetles were characterized in terms of their preferred environments. Among forest species, saproxylic beetles dominate, with 841 species. Beetles inhabiting the soil environment during their individual development were recorded with 688 species. In addition, 394 species were found to be mycetophilic, 328 – hydrophilic, 174 – anthophilic, 127 – pyrophilic, 105 – coprophilic, 88 – necrophilic, 47 – nidicolous, 46 – synanthropic, 34 – myrmecophilic and 32 – xerothermophilic; 137 species of aquatic beetles were recorded (the above categories are not mutually exclusive). The fauna of KF Coleoptera was compared with other natural sites and protected areas in Poland. Compared general biodiversity and particular taxonomic and ecological groups. The species richness of beetles in the KF was assessed as high – more than 34% of all beetles recorded from Poland have been found in this area. The best known families are: Boridae, Byturidae, Dascillidae, Lymexylidae, Nosodendridae, Noteridae, Peltidae, Sphaeritidae, Sphindidae and Thymalidae (100% of the Polish fauna); Mycetophagidae – 92.9%, Cerylonidae – 83.3%, Lucanidae – 71.4%, Aderidae – 71.4%, Eucnemidae – 68.2%. Among the species-rich families, Nitidulidae – 53.1% and Cerambycidae – 51.3% also belong to the well-studied ones. The paper discusses the problems of protecting the species richness of KF beetles. It is postulated that: (1)enlarge existing nature reserves, or establish new ones, so that their total area reaches 5-10% of KF, (2) gradually increase the amount of dead wood in management forests, especially in older stands to at least 10 m3/ha,(3)improve the quality of dead wood, i.e. primarily to ensure that it contains the proportion of all speciespresent in the stand and the presence of standing dead trees and thick lying logs in all stages of decomposition, (4) to rebuild ecological corridors between actual and potential habitats of valuable saproxylicspecies within the KF, to achieve ecological connectivity with areas outside the KF, (5) to continue the studyof KF beetles, as good knowledge determines their effective protection.