Influence of whey protein and creatine supplementation on liver and kidney function
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EJTCM_2026_9_1_Barani.pdf (409.42 KB)
0009-0004-0630-1960 Date
2026-04-14
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Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny
Abstract
Background: Due to their availability and purported benefits for muscle growth and athletic performance, the use of whey protein and creatine supplements is widespread among recreational and amateur athletes. Material and methods: 600 gym-goers (24-52 years of age) were divided into 3 groups based on their dietary supplement use: none (group A), moderate amounts (group B) and high doses (group C). Biochemical analysis of kidney and liver function was performed. Results: High-dose supplementation significantly increased serum creatinine, serum urea and liver enzymes (AST, ALT) and bilirubin levels compared with the control and medium-dose groups. Group C showed the highest creatinine (1.33 ± 0.216 mg/dL) and serum urea (55.31 ± 6.49 mg/dL), suggesting a possible association with renal function biomarkers. Similarly, AST and ALT levels were significantly increased in supplement users (particularly in group C), suggesting increased transient variations in hepatic enzyme activity. Conclusions: Our findings highlight a dose-dependent effect of whey protein and creatine supplementation on liver and kidney function, and emphasize the importance of responsible dietary supplement use and periodic monitoring of biochemical markers.
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Barani S, Mahmood A, Kamal I. Influence of whey protein and creatine supplementation on liver and kidney function. Eur J Transl Clin Med. 2026;9(1):66-72