Rosyjski kryzys konstytucyjny w latach 1991-1993, cz. 3 – wydarzenia wokół VIII i IX Zjazdu Deputowanych Ludowych. Uchwalenie nowej konstytucji w wyniku wydarzeń październikowych (1993)

Abstract
The article examines the Russian constitutional crisis of 1991–1993, focusing on the Eighth and Ninth Congresses of People's Deputies and the ultimate adoption of a new constitution following the October 1993 events. This conflict, which arose between President Boris Yeltsin and the parliamentary opposition led by Ruslan Khasbulatov, revolved around fundamental disputes over the structure of power in Russia. The authors trace the sequence of events—from the decision to hold a referendum in April 1993, through various efforts to draft a new constitution, to the escalation of tensions culminating in the violent suppression of anti-presidential opposition. The study emphasizes that the adoption of the new constitution occurred amid mounting tensions, with actions by both sides driven not only by political interests but also by the aim of preserving Russia’s territorial integrity. The authors employ desk research methods, as well as comparative and historical analysis, and draw on press accounts and diaries from participants in these events. The findings indicate that the constitutional crisis was pivotal in shaping the final structure of the political system of the Russian Federation, offering essential insights into the country’s contemporary political dynamics.
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Matras, T., & Adamczyk, M. (2025). Rosyjski kryzys konstytucyjny w latach 1991– –1993. Część 3: wydarzenia wokół VIII i IX Zjazdu Deputowanych Ludowych. Uchwalenie nowej konstytucji w wyniku wydarzeń październikowych (1993). Studia Orientalne, 4(36), 57-89. https://doi.org/10.15804/so2025404
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