Differential roles of the interleukin 10 family (IL-10, IL-19 and IL-22) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Southern Saudi Arabia
Loading...
EJTCM_2026_9_1_Mir.pdf (621.44 KB)
Authors
0000-0003-2068-3075 Date
2026-05-07
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health burden strongly associated with obesity and lifestyle changes. Inflammatory cytokines, particularly from the interleukin-10 (IL-10) family, are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM. This study assessed circulating IL-10, IL-19, and IL-22 levels in T2DM patients across obesity categories in southern Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A total of 320 T2DM patients and 196 healthy controls were enrolled. All participants were classified by body mass index (BMI) as normal weight, overweight or obese (class I, class II or class III). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were recorded, and serum IL-10, IL-19, and IL-22 levels were measured using standardized immunoassays. Results: IL-10 levels were significantly reduced in normal weight and overweight T2DM patients of both sexes (p < 0.001) and remained lower in obesity class I (p < 0.01) and class III (p < 0.05). IL-19 levels were markedly elevated in obesity class I and class III across sexes (p < 0.001). IL-22 concentrations increased progressively with BMI, with significant elevations in obesity class I and class III groups. Conclusions: Reduced IL-10 showed a strong association with T2DM, while higher levels in obese females suggest a possible sex-related protective effect. IL-19 was consistently associated with T2DM, whereas IL-22 correlated more closely with obesity severity.
Description
Keywords
Citation
Mir M M, Rizvi S F, Sohail S K, Mir R, Wani J I, Sabah Z U, Alremthi F A, Alharthi M, Elfaki I, Sonpol H M, Alghamdi M, Alfaifi J, AlQahtani A A. Differential roles of the interleukin 10 family (IL-10, IL-19 and IL-22) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Southern Saudi Arabia. Eur J Transl Clin Med. 2026;9(1):46-58