Development, construction, and verification in real conditions of a prototype of a semi-autonomous cargo ship for sea navigation
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raport_SAC_EN.pdf (2.85 MB)
0009-0007-0297-9442 Date
2026-01-08
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Abstract
Sea and inland waterway transport is still the most effective way of transporting cargo. The transport industry is responsible for a significant proportion of global carbon emissions and there is an urgent need for innovative solutions to reduce its environmental impact. One potential solution is the development of safe and environmentally friendly semi-autonomous ships. These ships would incorporate advanced technologies such as collision avoidance systems, machine learning and sensor systems to enable them to navigate complex waterways and operate autonomously or with limited human intervention. This would improve safety and reduce the risk of accidents caused by human error and enable ships to optimize routes leading to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The development of safe and clean semi-autonomous cargo ships has the potential to transform the shipping industry and contribute to a more sustainable future. The paper presents the research results on the prototype of semi-autonomous cargo ship. For the purpose of research a new shape of the hull with bow insert is designed and main properties of the vessel are optimized (length, beam, tank capacities, payload). Semi-autonomous ship systems and proposed. Optional, lowered wheelhouse is designed to enable entering ports with limited permissible height.
Description
The article presents information and results of the research and development project of the first vessel in the world equipped with semi-autonomous systems at the 4th level of autonomy according to the Lloyds Register of Shipping scale (level 2. according to BV).
The project of a multi-purpose semi-autonomous dry cargo ship code-named SAC (Semi-Autonomous Coaster) is designed to transport general cargo, grain, dangerous goods and ISO containers.
SAC is a safe vessel, capable of autonomous navigation in open waters, ensuring optimal operation of the unit. It is designed according to the norms and regulations.
Technical report containing CFD numerical calculations for the ship's hull is available at:
https://open.icm.edu.pl/handle/123456789/26397
Technical report presenting the results of calm water tank tests on a model of Semi-Autonomous Coaster is available at:
https://open.icm.edu.pl/handle/123456789/2639
The project was co-financed under the Intelligent Development Operational Program by the National Center for Research and Development, POIR.01.01-00-0478/18.
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Citation
Raźny, B., Chwalisz, S. (2025). Development, construction, and verification in real conditions of a prototype of a semi-autonomous cargo ship for sea navigation [report]. Nelton Sp. z o. o., Design Department